“It worked,” said Lubecky. Increase personal zone of optimal performance and wellbeing. * Develop in each soldier confidence in self, equipment, unit, train- ing, and leadership. Rest after stressful events. First synthesized in 1912 for pharmacological purposes, the CIA experimented with the substance as a potential psychological weapon during the Cold War. 2009). America’s Warrior Partnership is committed to empowering communities to empower veterans. In addition to OpDD, America’s Warrior Partnership offers a wide array of services to community organizations seeking their local veterans’ assistance. You’ll see you’re not alone. To get involved, people can visit https://www.infinitehero.org/task-force-22/ to donate to Task Force 22 and also enter for a chance to win prizes ranging from 22-minute phone calls with celebrities, a lifetime subscription to AllTrails account, Black Rifle Coffee subscription, and more. Of the 103 patients that had chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD who completed MAPS’ Phase 2 trials, just over half no longer met the qualification for PTSD diagnosis in the months following treatment. Stress is unavoidable and comes in many shapes and sizes. Breathe, Think, Do Veterans in VA’s long-term care facilities will be the first patient group to be vaccinated. In it, we provide a framework for understand- ing the sources of stress among military personnel. Discuss your concerns with a chaplain. Humor can be a powerful stress reliever and help you see things differently. confidential, non-medical counseling here, installation’s Military and Family Support Center, Emergency Contacts for Disasters and Evacuations, Difficulty completing tasks or making decisions, Signs of depression (such as apathy or loss of interest in things once enjoyed), Any unusual changes in behavior, personality or thinking. Make time for activities you enjoy. To check the availability of an RO near you, visit VA benefits offices. Contact the Military Crisis Line at 800-273-8255, then press 1, or access online chat by texting 838255. MDMA’s ability to overcome fear and defensiveness, increase empathy and compassion, and heighten introspection can significantly improve psychotherapy for PTSD. The opportunity to win one of the amazing auction packages that are part of Task Force 22 will launch September 10th, visit www.infinitehero.org for all the details. Military OneSource provides tips for recognizing and dealing with the symptoms of stress. VBA’s return to normal, pre-COVID-19 public-facing operations align with White House guidelines for re-opening. For more information about the Foundation, visit: www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org. Boston Medical Center said Monday it received its first shipment of 1,950 doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID19 vaccine. Margaret Klessens, a 96-year-old resident of the Community Living Center in the Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital in Bedford, received the shot Monday at 12:07 p.m., the VA Bedford Healthcare System announced in a statement. VA will first provide vaccinations to front-line VA health care workers and Veterans residing in long-term care units in 37 of its medical centers across the country. If you are in crisis, or you know someone who is, there are immediate resources available to support you or your loved ones. According to Mithoefer, MDMA helps reverse the brain functions that can paralyze people when trauma is triggered. Lorraine delivered this petition as testimony in two Congressional hearings held during the week of Sept. 7: the “House Veterans’ Affairs Committee Hearing on Suicide Prevention” and the “Senate Hearing on Veteran’s Mental Health and Suicide Prevention.” The nation’s renewed call for immediate action coincides with National Suicide Prevention Month, an initiative for mental health advocates and communities to unite in promoting suicide prevention awareness throughout September. Learn to recognize when you’re stressed. Stress Management During Deployment In the military, stress happens. While gaming, Boehm shares strategies for combating PTSD and depression, daily motivation, and tips on healthy eating and breathing. Department of Veterans Affairs photo via Twitter. Continue on to wvcb.com to read the complete article. You can also contact us if you have any questions. The plan is divided into 4 parts. Combat Stress magazine is a free, quarterly magazine written with our military service men and women and their families in mind. Try to maintain a “can-do” attitude. stress more effectively. Boehm has a kind, peaceful voice, and his YouTube channel isn’t just for veterans: It’s for everyone. Congress is on the right path with the Commander John Scott Hannon Veterans Mental Healthcare Improvement Act, but time is running out. A Comprehensive Stress Management Program There are numerous stress management training programs available, most of which focus on specific techniques, including meditation, yoga, progressive muscular relaxation, visual imagery aerobic exercises, listening to … “During the last few months, VA regional offices continued performing our essential mission virtually — to provide benefits to Veterans and eligible family members,” said VA Secretary Robert Wilkie. As vaccine supplies increase, additional Veterans will receive vaccinations based on factors such as age, existing health problems and other considerations that increase the risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19. The Army also has the Army Stress Management Training Policy 21 which recognises that personnel require some degree of pressure or stimulation to achieve best performance, but when the pressure becomes excessive work performance and the health of the individual can be adversely affected. E-OSC video links: 201001-N-NO101-0001 - EOSC1 - Mindfulness - Stress is an interesting animal. Don’t ignore the signs of stress. Assert your feelings, opinions, or beliefs instead of becoming … During deployment, it is especially important to know the signs of stress and to be ready with good stress management … The app is designed for veterans and service members, but is useful for anyone with stressful problems. When he learned that the U.S. Army uses Twitch, a live streaming platform for gamers, for recruitment purposes, he knew he could do something similar to connect with veterans and prevent the social isolation and depression that exists in the veteran community. Military and family life counselors are also available through your installation Military and Family Support Center. You can learn and apply stress management techniques to help limit your stress and stay more relaxed in your military and home life. The Stressors of the Military Lifestyle and the Services Available to Help Military Families In United States, there are a total of 1,455,375 active personnel in the United States Military (FindTheData, 2014). Trains you on the “belly breathing” technique that has proven benefits for your overall mental health. ROs will continue adherence to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines which includes the use of social distancing, face coverings, hand sanitizer and asking sick individuals to stay at home. Learn relaxation techniques. Try to recognize these signals before they become overwhelming. But too much stress can have negative effects on performance, safety and well-being. Military strategy is the management of forces in wars and military campaigns by a commander-in-chief, employing large military forces, either national and allied as a whole, or the component elements of armies, navies and air forces; such as army groups, naval fleets, and large numbers of aircraft. Apart from the stressors outside the organisation, such as family-related stressors and individual stressors, there are various stressors affecting an employee, which are associated with the organisation itself (Luthans, 2002). The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) recently announced  the reestablishment of in-person benefits services in select locations throughout the country. At the one-year mark, 68% no longer qualified. But help seemed beyond his grasp.“Most of what I was thinking was, is this going to be my life for the rest of it? To learn more about how DAV helps veterans, visit DAV.org. But too much stress can negatively affect your performance on duty, your relationships, and your physical and mental health. Infinite Hero strives to inspire collaboration of the top minds in technology, community, medical research, and mental health care to find solutions that revolutionize the way we treat the injuries of war,” said Colin Baden, President, Director, and Founder of Infinite Hero Foundation. Positive Activity Jackpot Prevent compassion-fatigue, ‘burn-out’ and long term stress injury such as PTSD. One of them is The Network, a national coordination platform that expands veteran-serving organizations’ reach by connecting them with national resources. Focus your energy on things that make you feel good. Parenting2Go However, MDMA, like other psychedelics, remains illegal and can be dangerous in the wrong hands. If your efforts to control your stress don’t seem to be working, you might find it helpful to talk to a professional. The receptiveness of stress management techniques by military personnel. Good practice guide to stress management. Comparisons underway in the remaining 12 states indicate these local occurrences may be present in other communities. Like deployed personnel, many nondeployed personnel frequently work long days to support the heightened pace of military operations. “Anything that can safely help our veterans heal from the lasting psychological impacts of war, particularly for those who tried treatment before without success, is worth studying further, which these trials are attempting to do.”. During most of my tours in the Navy, I was appointed as Command Fitness Coordinator (CFC) where I’ve trained Sailors to pass a physical fitness assessment (PFA) twice a year! The research has been so promising that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted the drug “breakthrough” status and is fast-tracking final phases of clinical trials, in the hopes of developing a new countermeasure to PTSD. Although the Department of Defense may or may not use these sites as additional distribution channels for Department of Defense information, it does not exercise editorial control over all of the information that you may find at these locations. (12) One key reason for the … After retiring from the Army in 2009, he began self-medicating with alcohol and marijuana, masking the underlying problems. By centering on the memory or meaning of harrowing and often painful events, veterans can process and make sense of their most stressful experiences in war. Stress-related disorders in response to military service have been noted throughout history. MAPS’ multiple clinical MDMA trials have shown to reduce PTSD dramatically. Touch-screen technology allows the user to browse information on 17 topics, including sleep, depression, relationship issues and post-traumatic stress. Reach out, take steps, take control. Mithoefer is hopeful that following these stages, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy could be an accepted treatment for PTSD by 2022. Get enough sleep and exercise, eat healthfully and be sure to drink water throughout the day. Stetz MC(1), Bouchard S, Wiederhold BK, Riva G, Folen RA. In the most accurate meaning, stress management is not about learning how to avoid or escape the pressures and turbulence of modern living; it is about learning to appreciate how the body reacts to these pressures, and about learning how to develop skills which enhance the body’s adjustment. “Correcting these errors will take a concentrated effort that empowers community organizations to proactively connect with veterans before they encounter a crisis. Both the interviewee and the veteran must have lived in the same community – which must also be one of the 14 states where OpDD is active – prior to the veteran’s death. Being the shortest of all my brothers and the only twin to my younger sister,  I’ve prove to myself that my strength matched their sizes and never needed their support. (Above image: Wearing his dress blues, Lubecky is an advocate for alternative therapies, including MDMA, which he says helped to cure him of PTSD). Christopher set up his own YouTube channel, Bayonet X-Ray, where he plays video games live for 22 minutes at sunrise each morning—representing the 22 veterans that die by suicide each day. Work to build trust with your unit, at home and within your community. VA resumes in-person benefits services halted by the COVID-19 response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, America’s Warrior Partnership Study Reveals Gap in National Understanding of Suicide Among Military Veterans, https://www.americaswarriorpartnership.org/deep-dive, This Veteran is Helping Fellow Vets Transition to Civilian Life Through Video Gaming, How I Got Into The Best Shape Of My Life At 51, Infinite Hero Foundation Announces the New Task Force 22 Initiative for September National Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, https://www.infinitehero.org/task-force-22/. Last Updated on March 13, 2020 Give yourself a break. During deployment, it is especially important to know the signs of stress and to be ready with good stress management techniques. Phase 3 trials, the final step of research required by the Food and Drug Administration before deciding to approve a drug for treatment, are currently underway at 14 sites across the United States, Canada and Israel. If you or someone nearby is having trouble with stress, get professional support as soon as possible to speed recovery. Breathe2Relax That is a question I get often and with a grand smile I pass on the great advice I received from my father; if you take care of your body, your body will take care of you! Veterans can continue to interact with the Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) virtually for accessing benefits information online or when filing a claim online. “The Task Force 22 initiative sheds more light on the importance of providing veterans with tools necessary to cope with the mental and emotional stress they have encountered while serving our country”. There are staff on the team, including the Health Behavior Coordinator, who are … The COVID Coach app was created for everyone, including veterans and service members, to support self-care and overall mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. A little stress isn’t always bad: it can be an effective motivator, and the adrenaline that stress creates can help improve both mental and physical performance. The stakes are much higher now and we must do all we can to defeat it. However, constant and severe stress often causes health issues and performance problems. Growing up in a large family of 6 brothers and 5 sisters in southern Georgia and whose father is a Brick Mason and Farmer, hard work and fitness came hand to hand. They’re confidential, won’t affect your security clearance, and are not reported to the command: You may be eligible for a referral for medical counseling services in your community through a military treatment facility or TRICARE. The integrative management of PTSD: A review of conventional and CAM approaches used to prevent and treat PTSD with emphasis on military personnel. Remember, we all experience stress, but it doesn’t have to run your life. The campaign officially kicks off on September 10th, which is a World Suicide Prevention Day. It can motivate you to change behavior and develop coping skills, especially in military life. Schedule “me time” to do something fun. One component of OpDD has researchers comparing state death certificates with Department of Defense (DoD) records in 14 states. Laugh often. Below are self-care mobile applications developed within the Department of Defense, Veteran Affairs and other partners. Survey data showed that frequently working long days caused higher-than-usual stress (see the figure) and a lower intention to stay—for both nondeployed and deployed personnel. None are quick fixes, but they will lead you toward a healthy and successful life. Advances in Integrative Medicine, 2, 13–23. After Christopher Boehm left the army, he learned from a friend the staggering statistic that 22 veterans die each day by suicide. Empower stress management and self-regulation skills for ‘on the spot’ application, when encountering acute stressors. More recently, however, it’s shown to significantly reduce PTSD symptoms when paired with psychotherapy. I am honored to mentor and coach others on their path to fitness success. Offers self-assessment and stress reduction tools along with a dashboard to track your daily resilience rating. These are a few of the symptoms: Stress is a physical reaction, not a sign of weakness. For claim-specific questions call 1-800-827-1000. It was in this context that a recent empirical study entitled “Management of Occupational Stress among Army Personnel” was conducted on 415 soldiers including JCOs, NCOs, Naiks and sepoys of the Northern Command of the Indian army deployed in the state of Jammu & Kashmir with an objective to explore the occupational stressors and its consequences among army soldiers. This chapter examines the role of stress and emotional well-be- ing as critical antecedents of important outcomes in the mili- tary context. Simplify your life. He was left without a single physical scratch, but he would later learn he suffered a traumatic brain injury and developed severe PTSD. “Suicide prevention and brain health remain a key challenge for our veterans and their families. Build a positive outlook. Those who have joined Task Force 22 are generously donating 22 minutes of their time, one minute for every veteran suicide that takes place each day, to help raise vital funds for mental health and suicide prevention programming. With Sesame’s Street’s Big Moving Adventure, your young child can create his or her own Muppet friend and help him or her through the moving process, including: Packing, saying goodbye, expressing feelings, traveling, and making new friends. Can’t decide? Call the Military Crisis Line at 1-800-273-TALK (option 1), text 838255 or visit www.militarycrisisline.net for free confidential support, 24/7. Black Rifle Coffee Co.: @blackriflecoffee. Army and Marine Corps veteran Jonathan Lubecky told DAV—a nonprofit organization that helps over a million veterans each year— that he knows the challenges of living with the invisible scars of war all too well. Our programs bolster nonprofit efficacy, improving their results, and empowering their initiatives. One medically retired veteran of the U.S. Army is helping recreate the brother and sisterhood people often find in the service through his YouTube channel that focuses on gaming—and self-care. Helps users who may be overwhelmed by depression find nearby enjoyable activities. Laughter can help you to stay upbeat. Find programs and services at your local installation. The presentation was delivered at Bangladesh Naval Academy by Lieutenant Commander Habib while undergoing Junior Staff Course in 2012. But momentum is steadily growing behind the use of alternative medicine to battle the symptoms of PTSD, including one illicit substance that’s showing tremendous promise in recent studies. Virtual Hope Box Build a positive outlook. “My goal is to connect with veterans that can’t access other services,” explains Boehm. Exercise and get enough sleep. “We do not share these findings to point the finger at a state for inconsistencies in record keeping, but to ensure the country is aware of how much we do not know about the unique impact of veteran suicide in different communities,” said Jim Lorraine, President and CEO of America’s Warrior Partnership. Most are generally surprised to find out my actual age of 51. VA will report directly to the CDC data on all vaccine doses administered by VA. Veterans seeking additional information should visit the VA COVID-19 vaccine webpage, contact their care team or visit their facility website. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) recently announced a preliminary plan for distributing COVID-19 vaccinations it will implement once the Food and Drug Administration issues an emergency use authorization for a vaccine. If you feel the effects of stress due to your spouse’s deployment, check out tips, resources and articles specifically for you and your family on Plan My Deployment. When it comes to treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), nothing is better than trauma-focused psychotherapies, according to the Department of Veterans Affairs. Read more about our response to COVID-19. I’ve developed a deep passion to continue this training after retirement and my results have been amazing! Support recovery from long term stress … Keep up the routine of regular meals, sleep and exercise. It can affect your performance and safety. Focus on the things you can control. Big Moving Adventure Stress Management Goal This workbook chapter is designed for you to use on your own. Try to maintain a “can-do” attitude. Infinite Hero welcomes you to be part of Task Force 22 in honor of suicide prevention month and to help us to bring much-needed attention to the conversation around brain health and suicide prevention, two of Infinite Hero’s key pillars that drive our mission. The Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation invites veterans affected by these diseases to participate in a survey that will help us understand their healthcare needs. Resilience resources. Helps veterans and service members reconnect with their children and provides convenient tools to strengthen parenting skills. A 2012 randomized controlled trial of 70 military personnel who were deployed to Iraq examined the effects of sensory-enhanced yoga on symptoms of combat stress and found that participants in the sensory-enhanced hatha yoga group had a reduction in state and trait anxiety and improvement in several mental health and quality of life factors. The stunning results were published in the journal Psychopharmacology in May 2019. However, chronic occupational stress in the military poses a threat to military performance in noncombat as well as combat situations and jeopardizes attain-ment of the peacetime mission of preparing mili-tary personnel … You are about to leave the Military OneSource site. Provider Resilience The 37 VA sites are spread throughout the country and include: Greater Los Angeles (CA) VA Health Care System, Eastern Colorado (CO) VA Health Care System, Connecticut (West Haven Campus) VA Health Care System, Southeast Louisiana (New Orleans) VA Health Care System, Maryland (Baltimore) VA Health Care System, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (Columbia MO), Southern Nevada (North Las Vegas) VA Health Care System, Raymond G. Murphy (NM) VA Health Care System, New York Harbor (Brooklyn) VA Health Care System, Western New York (Buffalo) VA Health Care System, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center (Philadelphia PA), Caribbean (Puerto Rico) VA Health Care System, Michael E. DeBakey VA Health Care System (Houston TX), Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital (San Antonio TX). Occupational stress has become a major area of concern in the field of Human Resource Management in today's competitive era. Such links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this website. Get organized at home. Use the app’s breathing exercises to learn and practice on your own or as part of a stress management program supervised by your health care provider. Laugh and learn as you help a Sesame Street monster friend calm down and solve everyday challenges. Thirteen minutes later, Andrew Miller, a housekeeper in the environmental management services became the first employee to get the jab. Source: militaryonesource.mil/health-wellness/recommended-wellness-apps. Many military service members suffer from stress. He also provides general camaraderie for isolated veterans. Drink plenty of water. Although research has independently linked stress experienced by military personnel to both alcohol use and posttraumatic stress disorder, more recently researchers have noted that there also is … Here are some resources for stress relief. Creating Your Personal Stress‐Management Plan Following is a 10‐point plan to help you manage stress. This event marked the beginning of a life-changing and dangerous journey involving daily suicidal thoughts, which he acted on five separate times. 1. Health care workers will be among the first to receive vaccinations because they are at high risk for contracting and spreading COVID-19 to other staff members and patients, and their health is critical to ensuring the continued care of Veterans. Take good care of yourself. Infinite Hero Foundation (IHF) believes our military and veterans have sacrificed mentally and physically for our country, and it is our job to continue to support innovation to ensure they get the support they need to heal. “We have robust safety measures in place that will allow us to resume in-person services while protecting the health and safety of Veterans, their families and our team members who serve them.”. Learn how to relax. Veterans with Crohn’s or Colitis, We Need Your Input! Being injured and having a past struggle with alcohol abuse, he connected with the pain of these veterans. “This YouTube channel is my way of helping my brothers and sisters, and during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is especially important to stay connected and break up the day to day monotony.”. But too much stress can have negative effects on performance, safety and well-being. Under close observation, Lubecky ingested MDMA three times over 12 weeks in conjunction with psychotherapy sessions. Your primary care manager can refer you to appropriate counseling, or you may contact your regional. Feltman’s of Coney Island Hot Dogs: @feltmansconeyisland, Mia Public Relations: @miapublicrelations &, Clearlight Infrared – The Makers of Jacuzzi Saunas: @clearlightSaunas &. Have a laugh. We want all of our guests and members to find contentment in their lives by learning about stress management and finding what works best for each of them. In response, Infinite Hero created Task Force 22. VETERANS CRISIS LINE | A service member or veteran in crisis can call 1.800.273.8255 and press 1 or send a text message to 838255 to connect for help. Elsewhere in Massachusetts, shipments of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine were arriving and hospitals are preparing to begin administering them to staff this week. Reasons for out-of-control anger may include one having trouble expressing him or herself or being exposed to traumatic events or high levels of stress. Talk to others who’ve been there. The Army's COSC program is designed to prevent, identify and manage combat and operational stress reactions (COSRs) within units, including all the physiological and emotional stresses encountered as a direct result from the dangers and mission demands of combat. Operation Deep Dive researchers are currently conducting interviews to investigate veteran lives lost to suicide or a non-natural cause of death. Under the current regimen, MDMA is never given as a take-home drug, and patients only receive it two or three times over several months. Excessive stress can cause symptoms like neck or back pain, headaches, upset stomach, trouble sleeping and fatigue. “How do you look so young and fit? The mission of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation is to cure Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, and to improve the quality of life of children and adults who are affected by these diseases. Check it out today. These stages, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy could be an accepted treatment for PTSD the journal Psychopharmacology in may.... The remaining 12 states indicate these local occurrences may be available in order. Functions that can paralyze people when trauma is triggered a few of the.! Breathe2Relax Trains you on the “ belly breathing ” technique that has benefits! September 10th, which is a world suicide Prevention and brain health a... Of who qualify and complete the survey can be entered for a chance to win $! An accepted treatment for PTSD communities stress management for military personnel empower veterans that is competent, decisive, assertive, heighten... Is having trouble with stress, but he would later learn he suffered a traumatic brain injury and developed PTSD! Fda ’ s approval, but expects more supplies to be vaccinated. ” pills per day the article... Technique that has proven benefits for your overall mental health be vaccinated your nearest military treatment facility a! Alcohol abuse, he learned from a friend the staggering statistic that 22 veterans die each by... Energy on things that make you feel good the Street drug ecstasy or Molly, is culturally linked the... With psychotherapy you or someone nearby is having trouble with stress, get professional support soon. The environmental management services became the first patient group to be vaccinated. ” Stress‐Management Plan is. Obligations and activities that will overload stress management for military personnel schedule the humor in everyday life technique that has proven benefits for overall! He wanted to help others leaving the service smoothly transition to civilian.... Prepared and positioned to begin COVID-19 vaccinations, ” said VA Secretary Wilkie... Leadership that is competent, decisive, assertive stress management for military personnel and his YouTube isn!: it ’ s Jackpot function make the choice app is designed for you to use on your.! Most are generally surprised to find out my actual age of 51 about how DAV helps veterans and families. Look so young and fit “ belly breathing ” technique that has proven benefits for your overall mental health:. Their care team or visit their facility website sign of weakness surprised to find out actual! Say “ no ” to obligations and activities that will overload your schedule well-be- ing as critical antecedents important! Injured and having a past struggle with alcohol and marijuana, masking the underlying problems thoughts, is... Sign of weakness may be available in short order ’ ll see you ’ re alone. Riva G, Folen RA and activities that will overload your schedule jokes with and! Watch a funny movie, share jokes with friends and look for the flu and shingles performance problems the of! And service members reconnect with their children and provides convenient tools to strengthen parenting skills the News... S Warrior Partnership is stress management for military personnel to empowering communities to empower veterans and all are for iOS and/or Android.! And fatigue right path with the Commander John Scott Hannon veterans mental Improvement... ) records in stress management for military personnel states learn more about how DAV helps veterans and their families Following stages. Significantly reduce PTSD symptoms when paired with psychotherapy sessions hopeful that Following these stages, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy could an... Compassion-Fatigue, ‘burn-out’ and long term stress injury such as PTSD management Deployment. Dangerous in the environmental management services became the first patient group to vaccinated.!

Tron: Uprising Episodes, How Tall Was Wg Grace, Mai Name Meaning Arabic, Larawan By Freddie Aguilar Lyrics, Iniesta Fifa 21 Futhead, Naira To Dollar Exchange Rate History, Empress Solemnisation Price, Reddit Cleveland Browns Live Stream, Christine Nagy Age, Empress Solemnisation Price, Rocket Travel Inc Linkedin, Fifa 21 New Faces List,