(Myrtaceae). Leblanc L, Vueti E … Head to the right. QFF has the potential to infest a wide range of horticultural crops, garden plants, native plants and weeds. The abdomen is constricted at the base, flared in the middle, and broadly rounded at the tip, not counting the ovipositor of Despite this pressure, the pest has historically been absent from the Yarra Valley region, allowing fruit and vegetable production to thrive without intervention from expensive and intensive QFF management techniques. Member species occur widely in Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands. CSIRO (September 2004.) 1957. Photograph by James Niland. A heavy outbreak of B. tryoniin New South Wales durin… Mango (some resistance to Mediterranean fruit fly, but prime Queensland fruit fly host) Kiwi fruit* Nashi Pears (sometimes affected)* Mulberry (sometimes affected)* Source: Adapted from Horticultural Policy Council (1991), The impact of fruit flies on Australian horticulture. The Bendigo region has also experienced increased urban QFF pressure and occasional outbreaks have occurred in the inner Melbourne area. Host Plant Check ListHost Plant Check List 1994. Insects not known to occur in the United States. Dacus tryoni (Froggatt) Queensland fruit fly has also been recorded from 60 wild hosts, belonging to the following families: Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Capparidaceae, Celastraceae, Combretaceae, Cunoniaceae, Davidsoniaceae, Ebenaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Naucleaceae, Oleaceae, Passifloraceae, Rhamnaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Siphonodontaceae, … Males attracted to cue lure (White and Elson-Harris 1994). They are a very serious pest of a wide variety of fruit and vegetables and winegrapes are a host. The humeri, or shoulders, are pale yellow, also. The distribution and host plants of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Australia., Queensland, Department of Primary Industries, Information Series Q199067. Biosecurity. Wild hosts include passionflower, Passiflora spp., and Eugenia spp. This essentially means removing potential hosts (ie picking up and destroying fallen fruit) to break the fruit fly cycle. Within its range, it is one of the most important pests with which pome and stone fruit growers have to contend, and at times it has been a very destructive pest of citrus. Chaetodacus tryoni (Froggatt) This species lays eggs in a wide variety of unripe fruit hosts, causing them to rot prior to ripening. CAB International. In Australia, the Queensland fruit fly inhabits parts of Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales and the eastern corner of Victoria, with outbreaks in South Australia. Selected References. Queensland Fruit Fly (Bactrocera tryoni)Queensland Fruit Fly was found in metropolitan Melbourne in January 2008. Christenson LD, Foote RH. Adults may live a year or more. In warmer regions they might have already completed a full life cycle or more, while in cooler areas they might only just be becoming active.. At this time of year adult flies are feeding, breeding, searching for suitable hosts, and laying eggs in suitable host crops. All fruit fly host material, domestic and for export, is subject to the movement controls set out in the Controlled Area Notice. The ensuing larval development may be completed in as little as five days. Note: This list is current as of the date of issue. Figure 2. Annual Review of Entomology 5: 171-192. There has been a confirmed detection of Queensland fruit fly (Qfly) in Coolbellup, located south of Perth. B. tyroni are responsible for an estimated $28.5 million a year in damage to Australian crops and are the most costly horticu Greater knowledge and understanding of fruit and vegetable host plants and vigilant management of Queensland fruit fly will result in a more secure horticultural industry. As many as 40 larvae have been found in one peach, and as many as 67 adults have been reared from one apple. Queensland fruit flies lay eggs in maturing and ripe fruit on trees and sometimes in fallen fruit. A list of host fruit and fruiting vegetables which are vulnerable to infestation by Queensland Fruit Fly (QFF). Queensland Fruit Fly is a very serious pest of great economic significance because of the damage caused to the fruit industry. Immature stages are similar in appearance to those of other Bactrocera. Adult females live many months, and four or five overlapping generations may develop annually. Fruit flies are the kiwifruit industry's most unwanted biosecurity threat. Bactrocera tryoni appears to be almost as destructive to fruit production in its Australian range as the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalisHendel, is in countries where it appears. On the thorax a broad creamy, often pale, dorsal band runs down the scutellum, and there is a well-defined narrow pale yellow stripe on each side. 1960. Pupation normally occurs in the soil. Eggs hatch in two to three days under favorable weather conditions. Similarly, the Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tyroni) is responsible for more than $28.5 million in damage to Australian fruit crops a year. Queensland fruit fly is a devastating pest to the horticulture industry costing millions of dollars in damage every year. The tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major clade within the true fruit flies, containing 932 species in four genera (Vargas et al. The total life cycle requires two to three weeks in summer and up to two months in the fall. Dacus ferrugineus tryoni (Froggatt) The adult flies congregate on foliage and fruit to feed on bacterial colonies and later to mate. Tephritis tryoni Froggatt. It is now widespread in New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Pitcairn Islands. Biology of fruit flies. We’re here to raise community awareness and increase knowledge of integrated management measures that are imperative in protecting the region. Within its range, it is one of the most important pests with which pome and stone fruit growers have to contend, and at times it has been a very destructive pest of citrus. Arabic (PDF - 298.0 KB) Arabic (WORD - 782.3 KB) Chinese (PDF - 480.0 KB) Chinese (WORD - 780.1 KB) Dari (PDF - 320.9 KB) Dari (WORD - 783.8 KB) Greek (PDF - 377.2 KB) Greek (WORD - 782.4 KB) Italian (PDF - 289.6 KB) Italian (WORD - 780.0 KB) Fruit flies (Tephritidae). Host fruit (PDF, 894 KB)cannot be transported into the Greater Sunraysia Pest Free Area or across some state borders unless the consignment is accompanied by an industry certification arrangeme… Annual Review of Entomology 5: 171–192. Adult Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt). The adult female is approximately 6 mm long, has a wing expanse of 10 to 12 mm, and has mostly transparent wings marked with brown. The main way that Queensland fruit fly spreads to new areas is by being carried in infested host fruit and vegetables. Queensland Fruit fly (. Females often oviposit in punctures made by other fruit flies such as those of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), with the result that many eggs often occur in a single cavity. Oakley RG. Males attracted to cue lure (White and Elson-Harris 1994). It was twice detected on Easter Island, but eradicated (White and Elson-Harris 1994, GISD 2011). All Queensland fruit fly host material destined for export and travelling through an ERZ had to be contained in an insect-proofed environment and some additional documentation provided. QUEENSLAND FRUIT FLY Queensland fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni) are native to subtropical coastal Queensland and northern New South Wales and are commonly found in eastern Australia. Figure 1. Citrus crops are considered to be relatively poor hosts for Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), as for other tephritid species. They are active during the day, but mate at night. Anonymous. Attractants. (Myrtaceae). 1-75. White IM, Elson-Harris MM. The export restrictions have been largely removed with some operated for a specific destination pending confirmation of activities. Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt). Larva of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt). Hosts: Over 400 host plants for oriental fruit fly have been listed, including most types of commercial fruits such as citrus, mango, peach, plum, apple, ... Queensland fruit fly. Figure 3. This is a matter of very great concern. In the last few years, QFF has breached the quarantine efforts of Victorian irrigated fruit production regions of the Goulburn Murray Valley and Sunraysia. Oxon, UK. In 1989, B. tryoni became established in Perth, Western Australia, but an eradication campaign using baits, male lures and sterile insect techniques eradicated it (White and Elson-Harris 1994, CSIRO 2004, GISD 2011). The larvae then hatch and proceed to consume the fruit, causing the fruit to decay and drop prematurely. It is not established in the United States, but the extensive damage caused by the larvae of this fly in areas similar to Florida indicates that this species could become a serious pest of pome and stone fruit crops, and possibly of citrus, if it were to become established in Florida. Pupal development requires from a week in summer to a month or more in cooler weather. Economic losses are estimated at $300 million which includes control and loss of production, postharvest treatments, on‐going surveillance for area freedom and loss or limit to domestic and international markets. Queensland fruit fly poses a serious threat to the Goulburn Murray Valley region’s horticulture industry, along with domestic and international trade opportunities. The Queensland Fruit Fly (QFF), native to Australia (our closest neighbour), is considered to be the greatest threat and has the most market impacts. The Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), occurs in climates ranging from temperate to tropical. Queensland fruit fly or Qfly (Bactrocera tryoni) is one of the most damaging pests of fruit and vegetables in Australia. Occasional flies are trapped in the Austral and Society Islands in the Pacific. State Government figures show 2898 fines were issued to people bringing ‘host material’ in to SA, as 3.8 tonnes of fruit and vegetables were seized at Yamba. Cooperative Economic Insect Report 7: 1-687. Biology of fruit flies. Josh Byrne. Wild hosts include passionflower, Passiflora spp., and Eugenia spp. The Queensland Fruit Fly, like many unwelcome guests, can be hard to budge. A survey of travellers carrying host fruit of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), into a fruit fly free area in 1998/99 following road signposting of penalties for infringements. The spread of Queensland fruit fly in the egg or larva form is limited by the combination of: • no movement of untreated host produce from properties in the Infected Area • no movement of any host produce out of the Control Area • treatments undertaken as part of the Queensland fruit fly response After 2-6 weeks under Tasmanian conditions, A heavy outbreak of B. tryoni in New South Wales during 1940-41 resulted in the rejection of 5–25% of citrus at harvest. A few flies were trapped in New Guinea but it is unlikely to be established there. Adult female Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt). Qfly is considered a serious horticultural pest because it is highly invasive, infesting more than 300 species of cultivated fruits and vegetables. More information: Vivek Kempraj et al. fruit fly outbreak, refer pir.sa.gov.au/fruitfly. Queensland fruit flies can attack a wide range of fruit, fruiting vegetables and native fruiting plants. You’ll need to implement a combination of methods and keep your backyard clean through a sanitation routine. Forewarned is forearmed: Queensland fruit flies detect olfactory cues from predators and respond with … Control for each season. implement other measures under the Biosecurity Act 1993 as necessary to eradicate Queensland fruit fly. B. tyroni is native to subtropical coastal Queensland and northern New South Wales. Any incursion can severely impact where we sell our fruit. An eradication program is underway, and a Quarantine Area has been established around the suburb of Coolbellup and parts of Bibra Lake, Hamilton Hill, Kardinya, North Lake and Samson. However, only a few are listed by Agriculture Victoria: choka, coffee berries, date, dragon fruit. By summer (December to February) fruit flies are likley to be at their most active. 601 pp. 1960. USDA, Survey and Detection Operations, Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultural Research Service. Adult female +-9-10 mm Adult female +-6 mm Jack Kelly Clark The maggots (larvae) hatch and the fruit is destroyed by the feeding maggots and by associated fruit decay. Fruit flies of economic significance: Their identification and bionomics. Strumeta tryoni (Froggatt) More than 100 species of fruits and vegetables have been recorded as hosts of B. tryoni, including: Bananas are said to be attacked only when overripe, and other fruits, such as grapes, are attacked only in peak years. B. tyroni lay their eggs in fruit. Adult females, after passing through a two-week pre-oviposition stage following emergence from the pupae, deposit eggs in groups, up to seven eggs per group, in fruit punctures. Fruit that requires certification must be treated for QFF. 2000): Anacardium occidentale (cashew) Annona atemoya (atemoya) Annona glabra (pond apple) Annona muricata (soursop) Annona reticula (bullock’s heart) Averrhoa carambola (carambola) Capsicum annuum (capsicum) Capsicum annuum (chilli) Carica papaya (papaya) Casimiroa edulis (white sapote) Chryosphyllum cainito (star apple) Australian citrus growers and crop consultants have reported observable differences in susceptibility of different citrus cultivars under commercial growing conditions. Grow fruits and vegetables that are non-hosts of Queensland fruit fly. Bactrocera tryoni appears to be almost as destructive to fruit production in its Australian range as the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, is in countries where it appears. The fly is brown marked with yellow. Replacing fruit fly host fruit trees with ornamental trees and shrubs is an alternative control strategy. The good news is that only 2 of them, the Queensland Fly on the East Coast and the Mediterranean Fly … The Queensland fruit fly is a species of fly in the family Tephritidae in the insect order Diptera. Major hosts (Hancock et al. Christenson LD, Foote RH. JOSH BYRNE: There are over 200 species of Fruit Fly in Australia. The high risk period for fruit flies is September to June. the female. 1950, January 30. Adults feed primarily upon juices of host plants, nectar, and honeydew secreted by various kinds of insects. Controlling Queensland fruit fly in home gardens, Action on Queensland fruit fly in regional Victoria, Queensland fruit fly grants for regional Victoria, Declared Queensland fruit fly outbreak zones in Victoria, Ongoing research into Queensland fruit fly control, Controlling Queensland fruit fly on orchards and farms, Movement of Queensland fruit fly outbreak affected host produce, Domestic trade of Queensland fruit fly host produce. 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