A corrosion-resistant dental alloy is disclosed which has improved handling characteristics during the filling of a dental cavity. 40. Amalgam should be condensed in small increments with uniform force applied. There is a report on mercury exposure and risks from dental amalgam which was released by Health Canada on November 27, 1995. A condenser is selected on the basis of its ability to remove excess mercury and to apply pressure needed for adaptation. [] In Europe, Johannes stokers, a municipal physician in Ulm, Germany, recommended amalgam as a filling material in 1528. 3. tensile strength of amalgam. 3 pounds C. 35 pounds D. 25 lb. 3. lack of enamel at the gingival cavo-surface margin. Applying an optimum force for the condensation has a great role in the process. . HISTORY. Finish the cavosurface margins. 4. inability to maintain a dry operating field For amalgam restorations, a 90 cavosurface angle accommodates the 1. condensing of amalgam. Dental amalgam has been used for over 150 years to fill the voids caused by tooth decay in millions of people. Which is not true about high copper amalgam alloys_____? 6-7, B). For conventional amalgam restorations, cavosurface margins of 90 degrees are needed to minimize the potential for fracturing the enamel and amalgam during function. i. Rinse and dry prep. Less than 0.1 % C. Less than 0.01 % D. None of the above # In spherical alloys as compared to lathe cut: A. 3) The force of the condensation should be towards the cavity details not towards the matrix band. [] It was the beginning of the amalgam war. c. 1.5mm. It suggests that the number of amalgam restorations should be limited to reduce the total daily average exposure of an individual to mercury from all sources (including food, water, air and dental amalgam). A. ... La force de compression à 24 heures est de 500 Mpa et le changement dimensionnel pendant le durcissement est de -0.03%. Amalgam Management. 15 lb B. A load of 2.7 to 4.5 kg should be used on a 1.5 or 2-mm plugger. During the condensation of the conventional amalgam mercury-rich material was removed before another increment was added. In the year 1843, the American Society of Dental Surgeons (ASDS), founded in New York City, declared use of amalgam to be malpractice because of the fear of mercury poisoning in patients and dentists and forced all its members to sign a pledge to abstain from using it. Condensation pressure When a given force is applied,smaller the condenser greater the pressure exerted on the amalgam. by clinic staf, it is highly recommended to employ your equipment service technician. ... what is the recommended condensing increments? # In non zinc containing dental amalgam alloy, the percentage of zinc present is : A. ... •High condensation force needed due to lathe cut ... –recommended for spherical amalgams. A. Which of the following elements is a liquid at room temperature? • Not recommended because of increased mercury levels in dental office. 2.7.4 Condense the amalgam with greatest confortable force. Low tensile and compressive strength B. The major factor influencing choices of material are moisture control (92.1%). High tensile strength C. Low Hg: Alloy ratio D. Low creep. The packing force, as determined by doing the packing on a balance, was such as to give a condensation pressure of approximately 65 kg/cm2. - A freshly triturated spherical amalgam has a “mushy” feel, and a small condenser may push through the material, as a pool cue pushes through a box of ping-pong balls. a. - Therefore, the resulting freshly triturated lathe-cut amalgam requires more force during condensation than is required with spherical particles. 5) Amalgam is carried into the cavity using amalgam carrier. b. Less than 0.02 % B. Polishing •Increased smoothness •Decreased plaque retention •Decreased corrosion A. More condensing force is required C. Both require same condensing force D. Manipulation is easy 1mm. Porosity: If time lapse between trituration and condensation is more, porosities are more and strength is less. Increased force of condensation B. FACTORS AFFECTING STRENGTH Condensation: • For lathe cut amalgam, greater the condensation pressure higher the compressive strength. Less effort is needed than for hand condensation. 0.5 mm. Dr. Shikha Jaiswal , Subharti Dental College, SVSU . [] Later, Li Shihchen (1578) chronicled a dental mixture of 100 parts mercury with 45 parts silver and 900 parts tin. No radiographic change C. Symptoms are similar to acute alveolar abscess amalgam substitutes for stress–bearing restorations in the permanent teeth cannot be recommended without caution. The amalgam container is always full of waste luid and a varying level of amalgam waste material. half the container. A metallic powder composed of silver, tin, copper and zinc B. The cavities in Group II were etched for 15 s by using 37% phosphoric acid, rinsed, lightly dried to a moist surface followed by the application of PQ1 amalgam adhesive with an applicator tip. • Spherical amalgam - light condensation pressure produces adequate strength. Gingivectomy is recommended The most practical method to significantly reduce the setting time of stone and plaster is to use A 65 year old patient has a tendency for urinary tract stones. A force applied to the hand condenser Which of the following statements apply to condensation of amalgam? Carving The amalgam is overfilled into the cavity and the mercury rich surface layer is trimmed away. Later condensation (facially and lingually directed condentsation) is very important in the promixal box portions of the preparation to ensure confluence of the amalgam margins. The alloy is a substantially uniform blend of two types of particles having the same chemical components, but differing in morphology and, optionally, in proportions of components. Dental amalgam apparently was first used by the Chinese. A. Tooth is tender on percussion B. Radiographic examination shows generalized loss of the lamina dura and a “ground glass” appearance of the bone. b. 6) Use of suitable sized condensers (slightly smaller than cavity width). As a general rule, smaller amalgam condenser are used first. a. recommended for low-stress- bearing restorations b. have low modulus of elasticity c. have a high modulus of elasticity d. a and b ... Admix amalgam requires more condensation force than spherical amalgam. 10. 5. Condensation is usually started at entire or spherical alloy and 45 o to walls and floors for non spherical amalgam. Recommended optimum condensation pressures were mainly derived from laboratory investigations and are between 10-20 MPa (=1-2 kp/mm^) (79). Place 2 coats of Varnish to clean, dry internal tooth surfaces. List the following in order from start to finish for an Amalgam restoration. The amalgam waste material settles at the bottom of the container and Objectives: There is an obvious correlation between the quality of amalgam condensation and its mechanical properties. Dental Amalgam Col Kraig S. Vandewalle USAF Dental Evaluation & Consultation Service. Guidelines to minimize exposure to mercury and mercury vapor. 4) Incremental placement and condensation. Preserving unsupported enamel may facilitate matrix placement and improve amalgam condensation (Fig. CONDENSATION : CONDENSATION Compacts alloy so that greatest possible density attained Hg rich amalgam brought on top of each increment Delayed condensation weaker amalgam Good isolation in zinc containing alloy Ultrasonic condensers not recommended … 12. [] The amalgam … Amalgam has to be condensed really heavy in a force of 2-5 Kg which you might have your face being moved, of which your dentist will need to stabilize it. The cavities in Group I received a varnish application and the condensation of high-copper amalgam. 2) Eliminating voids and reducing the amount of ... layers is impossible. Removal of Hg rich amalgam during condensation of each ... CONDENSATION PRESSURE Condensation force- 13.3-17.8N(3 to 4lb). Amalgam means_____? Su Kung (659 AD) mentioned the use of a mixture in the Material Medica. Overall, factors for optimum condensation involve force, area of the condenser tip, thickness of fresh Hg amalgam to which the force is being applied, burnishing action to incorporate Hg into the older amalgam, dwell time of each condensation contact and type of amalgam (sizes … Although the tested amalgam … What is the recommended for condensation of dental amalgam ? triturated amalgam will form into a bright homogeneous plastic mass. Decreased force of condensation C. Under or overtrituration D. Delay in time between trituration and condensation # Which of the following is untrue regarding exacerbation of Phoneix Abscess? [] 2. bruxism. It has been shown that amalgam condensation under or close to in vivo conditions revealed condensation pressures significantly below those mentioned above (1, … The early strength of the amalgam as indicated by the 1 hour tests is reduced even more than the final strength by reduction in the condensation force on the amalgam. Amalgam controversy and amalgam war. A. 4. Less condensing force is required B. Forces of 66.7 N (15 Lb) are recommended for condensation but it is doubtful that forces of this magnitude are used. Traditional condensation techniques are recommended. Good condensation is essential to successful amalgam restorations. Mechanical Condensation: Mechanical condensers provide vibration or impact type of force to pack the amalgam mix. Proper condensation of amalgam promotes adaptation of amalgam to the cavity walls and matrix band. 100% amalgam waste capacity of the container is approx. 34 •Use rapid vibration •Used where high condensation forces are required. Mercury. 2. compressive strength of amalgam. Karen L. Comisi, RDA. 11. ii. a. Normally, fracture in the amalgam occurs at the grain boundaries. The poor condensation practice reduced the strength of product D only 2 per cent, but product B was reduced 14 per cent as a result of the variation in manipulation. 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