Numerous experimental results concerning the flow structure in bubble columns are presented, including axial and radial components of the bubble velocity, axial components of the liquid velocity and its fluctuations as well as the radial distribution of the gas hold-up. experiment was an all-solid-state SOS-based pulse generator that was In proposed paper, the design of a modular, robust, high-voltage impulse power supply for pulsed power applications is put into practice and analyzed. First, GT, and current begins to flow through R1 and L1. However, one module cannot provide enough amplitude and width for the load current of the railgun launching. Our three-stage superconducting XRAM test case reached a maximum charging current of 200 A, discharging a magnetic energy of 84 kJ at 600 A peak current into a 27 mΩ load during a 34 s long discharge. Discussion on Minimum Precharged Voltage and Energy of the Counter-Current Capacitor in ICCOS, Review of Inductive Pulsed Power Generators for Railguns, Study on the collaborative triggering of multiple STRETCH meat grinder with ICCOS modules, Discussion on the Discharging Effects of Two STRETCH Meat Grinder Modules With Different Triggering Delays, The energy recovery sub-circuit for multiple stages of the stretch meat grinder with iccos circuit, Decoupling to improve XRAM inductive pulse power sources with series charging and parallel discharging characteristics, Comparisons of STRETCH meat grinders based on two different topologies of ICCOS, Study on the recovery circuit based on Multi-module STRETCH meat grinder, Three-Stage Superconducting XRAM Generator, Population Balances: Theory and Applications to Particulate Systems in Engineering ~Academic, Chemical Reactor Modeling – Multiphase Reactive Flows, Study of Dispersed Phase Model for the Simulation of a Bubble Column, A Numerical Method for Bubbly Flow Simulation Based on a Multi-Fluid Model, Scale effect on breakup process in liquid-liquid agitated tanks, Bubble Behavior and Flow Structure of Bubble Columns, Mathematical framework for higher order breakage scenarios, Identification of droplet breakage kernel for population balance modelling, Calculation of flow fields in two and three-phase bubble columns considering mass transfer, Subnanosecond high-density current interruption in SOS diodes, Design and Development of an Impulse Power Supply for Pulsed Power Applications. Types H0500KC20# to H0500KC25# Issue 5 Page 3 of 15 August 2018 Notes on ratings and characteristics. The effect of scale on the breakup process in liquid-liquid agitated tanks was investigated. xT`��w ���:����ʝ��!�ȹ����ʕql��Gg�rȀ���R�=��uE%ý�(P�;�g"��4��G�r��e@%ځ�M>�� :�QZށ���x0E��� ��\L)�����t�&�21��T���?�tf���4���(ء5�(�"�J��a�谤�]���L.�a-!j�l���x6��V@���b]���J. A gate driver circuit based on, ceramic chip capacitors can be made much smaller and more, rugged [12]. This snubber also helps protect the GTO and the, batteries from anomalous voltage transients and sets the rise, time of the load current. 1 ns. 1, and 4, our setup uses a conventional diode–capacitor–resistor. Because of the practical constraint for the maximum rail current that ensures no rail erosion, the rectangular waveform is the most appropriate load current waveform. As shown in Figs. 11 shows the simulated temperatures of the junction. As a general rule, however, although a thyristor switches faster with VBO turn-on than with gate turn-on, the permitted di/dt for breakover voltage turn-on is lower. This paper details the testing of a commercially available gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) for application in inductive-store power supplies. GTOs are optimized for low conduction losses. GTO thyristor operation principles A GTO thyristor consists of four layers, pnpn, as like conven-tional thyristors. tion with Contract number W911QX-07-D-0002 with the U.S. tained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be, interpreted as presenting the official policies or position, either, expressed or implied, of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory or, the U.S. Government unless so designated by other authorized, documents. Date of publication December 10, 2010; date of current, The authors are with the Institute for Advanced T, of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78759 USA (e-mail: sitzman@iat.ute. A novelty also presented is the use of the least squares method to solve an inverse population balance problem in order to find the breakage kernel function which dominates the governing process. Special emphasis is given to inductive circuit topologies which have been investigated in railgun research such as the XRAM, meat grinder or pulse transformer topologies. By exceeding the forward breakover voltage. Calculations are done for bubble columns and vertical pipe flow. Physical operation of GTOs. The typical on-off switching frequency is in the range of 200 - 500 hertz for most applications. After the first triggers for all the modules, the energy stored in the capacitors can be further utilized with the second triggers. The slow transfer of energy through capacitive hybrid (STRETCH) meat grinder with inverse current commutation with semiconductor (ICCOS) devices put forward by Tsinghua University is a typical inductive pulsed-power supply for electromagnetic launch system, which has remarkable current amplification ability as a single module. Because it possesses higher current turn-off capability, the inverse current commutation with semiconductor devices (ICCOS) is a better option for the opening switch of an inductive pulsed power supply than the integrated gate commutated thyristor. 12 because the voltage stress during the turn off, is less than the maximum voltage due to the high capacitance, of C1. event will be discussed in detail later in this paper. "nl w)(�[6FJ���A��3���F��4�OE� �5 +r|:ǵ� �9@��3�x(l2�.�D^�� The IGCT is a gate-controlled turn-off switch which turns off like a transistor but conducts like a thyristor with the lowest conduction losses. The only way to turn off the thyristor is for the external circuit to force the current through The present work extends previous work by applying a spectral element method of a least squares type to solve this equation when studying three-dimensional transient multi-phase flow. Integrated Gate Turn-off (IGTO) Thyristor 1 Product Summary V DRM 4500V I TGQM 4000A I TSM 25kA V T0 1.2V V Dclink 2800V Absolute Maximum Ratings T C = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Value Unit Rep. 2.2 Two-transistor model of GTO thyristor 15 2.3 Turn-on waveform for a GTO thyristor 16 2.4 Turn-off waveform for a GTO thyristor 18 3.1 Device structure of GTO thyristor used in simulation 23 3.2 Doping profile of GTO thyristor 24 3.3 Triangular element with vertices 1,2,3 having. Mean diameter of the inductive energy storage systems, ” in by the current is more like a rectangular and. 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