43.5.1 Stage 1: Indications for Damage Control (Patient Selection) Although the evidence is clear that damage control decreases mortality, it can be associated with an increase in morbidity, length of ICU stay, number of surgical procedures and cost; hence overzealous use should be avoided. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the surgeons' subjective indications for damage control surgery, correlating with objective data about the patients' physiological state at the time the surgery was chosen. 2. It, in turn, draws on Rotondo and Zonies' "The damage control sequence and underlying logic" (1997). Abstract. Damage control surgery indications and current evidence data-base. Damage control resuscitation (DCR) is a systematic approach to the management of the trauma patient with severe injuries that starts in the emergency room and continues through the operating room and the intensive care unit (ICU). They include the broad and complex area, from damage control to liver resection. Twenty years ago, damage control surgery (DCS) was implemented to challenge the coagulopathy of trauma. Running Head: Indications for Damage Control Surgery Text Word Count: 3486 Corresponding Author and Address for Reprints: Derek J. Roberts, MD, PhD Departments of Surgery and Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Intensive Care Unit Administration Ground Floor McCaig Tower 3134 Hospital Drive Northwest Calgary, Alberta Canada T2N 5A1 Telephone: 403-944-0747 Facsimile: 403 … Delayed medical correction of these metabolic derangements leads to an irreversible … Damage control surgery is considered by many surgeons as one of the most significant advances in the last 2 decades in the care of trauma or other surgical patients with severe hemorrhage, which cannot easily be controlled by other techniques. The purpose of … Severe liver injury in trauma patients still accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. Schreiber MA. Crit Care Clin 2004;20(1):101–118. Coagulopathy is common in patients with haemorrhagic shock. The underpinning for damage control is that a traditional operative approach risks physiologic exhaustion, and an abbreviated initial operation controlling only hemorrhage and contamination and … Operative techniques in liver trauma are some of the most challenging. OBJECTIVE: Define the technique and expectations of “damage control” used in the operating room to temporarily control life-threatening injuries. The DCS has become a standard approach in trauma care only on the basis of clinical experiences and observations. In accordance to 2016 WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) Guidelines, DCS remains an effective surgical strategy in critically ill patients affected by sepsis/septic shock and hemodynamical unstability. The optimal strategy for managing hemorrhaging trauma patients is now termed damage control resuscitation (DCR) (Table 1). described the damage control concept and discussed, in a literature review, indications for damage control surgery. Patients usually present with shock physiology and metabolic derangements including acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy. ADVANTAGES A. The decision to initiate damage control surgery should be taken early. Damage control surgery has increased as a popular application in patients with a deteriorated general condition due to a severe trauma incident. Normalization of coagulation profile. This is a retrospective study of 121 trauma patients with hepatic trauma American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade III–V who … Damage control surgery has been performed for a wide range of indications, but most frequently for uncontrolled bleeding during elective surgery, haemorrhage from complicated gastroduodenal ulcer disease, generalized peritonitis, acute mesenteric ischaemia and other sources of intra‐abdominal sepsis. The underlying goal is to abbreviate the initial laparotomy in those patients who would develop hypothermia, acidosis, and an acquired coagulopathy and the associated complications they bring using a more traditional approach. Damage control was based on the recognition of the lethal triad of hypothermia, acidosis, and a coagulopathy resulting from massive blood loss, large-volume resuscitation and ischemia-reperfusion. Removal of packs, with replacement if necessary . Damage Control Surgery Brett H. Waibel Michael F. Rotondo I. Define the situations in which “damage control” should be helpful in stabilizing patients. It consists of three steps: abbreviated surgery to control … DCR involves haemostatic resuscitation, permissive hypotension (where appropriate) and damage control surgery History and Evolution of Damage Control The foundation of damage control surgery (DCS) focuses on exsanguinating truncal trauma. Unlike in trauma patients with massive bleeding, the main aims of the OA … [1–25] Damage control resuscitation seeks to minimize blood loss until definitive hemostasis is achieved. 5. There are indications for damage control surgery, for example absolute indications and relative indications; however, it is better not to wait for indications. Damage-control surgery, or temporary abdominal closure, is the rapid initial surgical control of contamination and hemorrhage followed by a temporary closure to resuscitate the patient to a normal physiology. The concept of abdominal damage control surgery has two basic components; controlling bleeding and contamination in the abdominal cavity, and leaving the abdomen open, to decompress or facilitate return at planned re-laparotomy. Ball CG. Damage control surgery. Penninga et al. Indications for Damage Control Surgery. Restoration of gastrointestinal and vascular continuity if necessary. A small study on penetrating abdominal injuries showed a survival benefit over historical controls(90% v 58%; … The damage control surgery (DCS) in based on a 3-step paradigm: a first intentionally incomplete surgery focused on the control of haemorrhage, a stay in an intensive care unit to correct physiological disorders (acidosis, hypothermia and coagulopathy) and a second surgery for the definitive treatment of lesions. Damage control surgery 1. Ann Surg 2016;263(5):1018–1027. PRACTICE GUIDELINES: DAMAGE CONTROL. Secondary survey of the abdomen: missed injuries at the time of damage control surgery are not uncommon. Deranged clotting, where the patient bleeds, prolonged prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Ideally performed at 24 to 36 hours, later if indications of physiologic derangement persist. Results: the main indications for damage control surgery were hemodynamic instability (47.8%) and high complexity lesions (30.4%). 4. Maintaining the abdomen domain requires a temporary abdominal closure (TAC). Introduction. Correction of acid base balance 3. Indications for Use of Damage Control Surgery in Civilian Trauma Patients: A Content Analysis and Expert Appropriateness Rating Study. Methods: we carried out a prospective study between January 2016 and February 2017, with 46 trauma victims who were submitted to damage control surgery. Keywords: damage control, diverticular disease, diverticulitis, open abdomen, surgery. I was able to find this list of indications in Godat's 2013 position paper. OBJECTIVES: To characterize and evaluate indications for use of damage control (DC) surgery in civilian trauma patients. Coagulopathy observed in trauma patients was thought to be a resuscitation-associated phenomenon. The need to establish consensus indications was made clear by a recent meta-analysis reporting over one thousand indications for damage control surgery found throughout the literature [6]. As mentioned earlier, DCS can play a vital role in the setting of the “lethal triad” and thus metabolic acidosis (pH <7.2), hypothermia (<34°C), and coagulopathy (prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time > two times normal) constitute absolute indications for DCS. Damage control resuscitation integrates permissive hypotension, haemostatic resuscitation, and damage control surgery . Once stabilized, the patient undergoes reexploration and definitive repair of injuries. Besides the ordinary Airway-Breathing-Circulation (ABC) approach, a correctly placed pelvic C-clamp is an obligatory part of the initial resuscitation of the majority of patients with pelvic fractures and bleeding complications [ 7 ]. performed for a wide range of indications, but most frequently for uncontrolled bleeding during elective surgery, haemorrhage from complicated gastroduodenal ulcer disease, generalized peritonitis, acute mesenteric ischaemia and other sources of intra-abdominal sepsis. Damage control surgery (DCS) is a limited exploratory laparotomy that is performed in unstable trauma patients who, without immediate intervention, would acutely decompensate. Objective: to analyze the surgeons' subjective indications for damage control surgery, correlating with objective data about the patients' physiological state at the time the surgery was chosen. Absolute indications include the following: Acidosis, where the pH is less than 7.2. The replacement of lost and consumed coagulation factors was the mainstay in the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock for many decades. Damage control surgery – indications. Abstract Purpose of review Damage control surgery (DCS) has become a lifesaving maneuver for critically injured patients when utilized in appropriate scenarios. D R B A S H I R Y U N U S S U R G E R Y R E S I D E N T DAMAGE CONTROL SURGERY 2. INDICATIONS FOR DEFINITIVE SURGERY 1. Indications for use of damage control surgery in civilian trauma patients: a content analysis and expert appropriateness rating study. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar; 10. Core temperature 36°C or above 2. One of the most challenging aspects of DC strategy remains identifying which patients should be “damage controlled.” The lethal . Not only do principles of damage control apply to the abdomen, but for many others body regions.10, 11, 12 This study reviewed the physiology of the components of the ‘lethal triad’, the damage control principles and indications, the time of reoperation, as well as the pathophysiology of ACS in trauma patients. METHODS: we carried out a prospective study between January 2016 and February 2017, with 46 trauma victims who were submitted to damage control surgery. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar; 11. Indications for Damage Control Surgery. Despite this reality, indications for initiating DCS remain debated. 3. 19. Damage control surgery (DCS) was first introduced as a concept less than three decades ago, and since that time has become widely accepted.1–3 The principle underlying DCS is that prolonged operations in trauma patients with profound physiologic derangements and complex injuries must be avoided, in lieu of an abbreviated operation which controls bleeding and soiling. 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